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Mondo grass

Ophiopogon japonicus · Asparagaceae

Mondo grass (Ophiopogon japonicus)
Photo: Shabicht, via Wikimedia Commons (CC0)

A dense, dark green, grass-like evergreen that slowly knits into a smooth carpet. The small flowers and blue berries are hidden in the leaves.

Size
8 in tall, 12 in wide
Zones
6 to 10
Light
Part sun to shade
Flowers
Grown for its leaves; flowers mid July to early August
Pets
No toxicity recorded
Job in a bed
Carpet

A bed built around mondo grass

The planner designed this bed around mondo grass when this page was made: a 12 × 6 ft (3.7 × 1.8 m) cottage garden in zone 6, part shade. It chose the other plants from the 513 that suit those conditions, and says below why mondo grass stands where it does.

A 12 × 6 ft (3.7 × 1.8 m) bed at eye level in late July: Mondo grass, Bleeding heart 'King of Hearts', Cardinal flower 'Queen Victoria', Japanese anemone 'Honorine Jobert', White bleeding heart, Northern sea oats 'River Mist', Fawn lily 'White Beauty', Grecian windflower.
A 12 × 6 ft (3.7 × 1.8 m) cottage garden in zone 6, part shade, seen from the path in late July.
3. Cardinal flower 'Queen Victoria'33. Cardinal flower 'Queen Victoria'33. Cardinal flower 'Queen Victoria'34. Japanese anemone 'Honorine Jobert'44. Japanese anemone 'Honorine Jobert'44. Japanese anemone 'Honorine Jobert'45. White bleeding heart51. Mondo grass11. Mondo grass11. Mondo grass12. Bleeding heart 'King of Hearts'22. Bleeding heart 'King of Hearts'22. Bleeding heart 'King of Hearts'22. Bleeding heart 'King of Hearts'22. Bleeding heart 'King of Hearts'21. Mondo grass11. Mondo grass11. Mondo grass11. Mondo grass11. Mondo grass12. Bleeding heart 'King of Hearts'22. Bleeding heart 'King of Hearts'23. Cardinal flower 'Queen Victoria'33. Cardinal flower 'Queen Victoria'31. Mondo grass11. Mondo grass11. Mondo grass16. Northern sea oats 'River Mist'66. Northern sea oats 'River Mist'66. Northern sea oats 'River Mist'61. Mondo grass11. Mondo grass11. Mondo grass11. Mondo grass11. Mondo grass11. Mondo grass11. Mondo grass11. Mondo grass17. Fawn lily 'White Beauty'7. Fawn lily 'White Beauty'7. Fawn lily 'White Beauty'7. Fawn lily 'White Beauty'7. Fawn lily 'White Beauty'7. Fawn lily 'White Beauty'7. Fawn lily 'White Beauty'7. Fawn lily 'White Beauty'7. Fawn lily 'White Beauty'7. Fawn lily 'White Beauty'7. Fawn lily 'White Beauty'7. Fawn lily 'White Beauty'8. Grecian windflower8. Grecian windflower8. Grecian windflower8. Grecian windflower8. Grecian windflower8. Grecian windflower8. Grecian windflower8. Grecian windflower8. Grecian windflower8. Grecian windflower8. Grecian windflower8. Grecian windflower
From above, to scale. Each circle is one plant, as wide as the room it needs.

The plants

  1. 2 Bleeding heart 'King of Hearts' × 7, pink
  2. 3 Cardinal flower 'Queen Victoria' × 5, red
  3. 4 Japanese anemone 'Honorine Jobert' × 3, white
  4. 5 White bleeding heart × 1, white
  5. 6 Northern sea oats 'River Mist' × 3, green
  6. 7 Fawn lily 'White Beauty' × 12, white
  7. 8 Grecian windflower × 12, blue

Why this plant

  • The only plant grown for its leaves. Leaf lasts all season, where a flower lasts a few weeks.

Why here

  • Under the taller plants. It runs back between them as living mulch: there its job is to cover the soil, not to be looked at.
  • 19 plants in 5 groups (5, 5, 3, 3 and 3). Seen again further along, the same plant ties the bed together.

Why now

  • Here for its leaves, all year. They cover the 12 weeks between early March and late November when nothing on the plan is in flower.
  • The only leaves in winter. From November to March it is what there is to look at.

Planned as a cottage garden: 38 of the 38 plants (100%), bulbs aside, stand alone or in groups of no more than five, small enough for the kinds to mingle. Bleeding heart 'King of Hearts' flowers longest, for 18 weeks. Mondo grass repeats along the bed to tie it together.

The planner's own design check: 11 Excellent, 6 Good. It flags one thing to watch: Nothing on this plan is highly poisonous or an aggressive spreader.

Open this bed in the planner Change its size, the sun or the style, move plants about, or swap one for another.

Where mondo grass goes in a border

At 8 in it belongs at the front of a bed. In the planner's ten height classes it is low (6 to 12 in).

Its job: carpet. A groundcover planted in threes and fives to cover the soil: along the front, and just behind it.

Finer and lower than lilyturf, and never needs mowing. A sheet of it is the calmest possible ground for a shady garden, in the Japanese manner. It fills in slowly, so plant closely.

  • A lawn substitute in shade
  • Between stepping stones
  • Edging in warm climates

What to plant with mondo grass

Plants recorded as good partners for it, and what each pairing does:

  • Cast iron plant: bold leaves against its fine ones; tall enough (24 in) to stand behind it.
  • Autumn fern: tall enough (22 in) to stand behind it.
  • Hosta: bold leaves against its fine ones; a low mound at the foot of its spires; tall enough (18 in) to stand behind it.

Questions about mondo grass

Does mondo grass need sun or shade?

Mondo grass grows in part sun (4 to 6 hours of sun, including some afternoon sun), part shade (2 to 4 hours of sun, mostly in the morning) and shade (less than 2 hours of direct sun, or bright dappled light). It is one of the few that also put up with deep shade.

It wants ordinary well-drained soil, of average fertility, and a good soak in dry spells.

What zones does mondo grass grow in?

USDA zones 6 to 10. It is hardy to zone 6, which means it survives winter nights down to about 0 °F (−18 °C).

Gardening in Canada? Use the USDA zone for your town: Canada's own zone map uses different numbers.

How far apart should mondo grass be planted?

8 in (20 cm) apart, from the middle of one plant to the middle of the next. That is a little closer than its full width of 12 in (30 cm), so a group knits into one patch.

It grows 8 in (20 cm) tall. Give it the full distance from anything taller, or it will lean out towards the light.

How many mondo grass plants do I need?

At 8 in apart, set out in staggered rows:

  • 27 to fill 10 square feet (about 1 m²)
  • 16 for a single row 10 ft (3 m) long
  • 86 to fill a 4 × 8 ft bed on its own

In a mixed border, plant it as threes and fives, along the front and just behind it.

In the bed above, the planner used 19 in five groups.

Is mondo grass poisonous to dogs and cats?

No toxicity is recorded for dogs, cats, horses or people, according to NC State Extension.

"Not toxic" is not "edible": a pet that eats a lot of any plant can be sick.

Is there a native plant like mondo grass?

Mondo grass comes from China, Korea, Japan. These North American natives come closest to doing its job:

  • Wild ginger: the same job in a bed and the same size; bold leaves, not fine, not evergreen.
  • Dwarf crested iris: the same job in a bed and the same size; flowers late April to mid May, medium leaves, not fine.
  • Woodland stonecrop: the same job in a bed; 4 in shorter, flowers late April to late May.

Matched the way the planner's Swap button matches plants: the same job in a bed, then size, then flowering time.

Do deer eat mondo grass?

Mostly not. NC State lists it as resistant to deer and rabbits. No plant is proof against a hungry deer in a hard winter, but this one is low on the menu.

What does mondo grass look like in winter?

Mondo grass keeps its dark green leaves all winter, so it is one of the plants that hold a bed together from November to March, when the perennials have gone.

More Ophiopogon

In these guides

Zone guides: Zone 6 · Zone 7 · Zone 8 · Zone 9

Every fact on record

Type
Perennial
Size
8 in (20 cm) tall, 12 in (30 cm) wide
Plant
8 in (20 cm) apart
Height class
Low (6 to 12 in)
Place in the bed
Front
Flowers
Mid July to early August; upright spires; lavender
Leaves
Fine texture, evergreen; dark green
Shape
Arching, spreading
Hardy in
USDA zones 6 to 10
Light
Part sun, part shade, shade
Soil
Average, well-drained
Water
Moderate
Feeding
None needed
Family
Asparagaceae
Comes from
China, Korea, Japan
Stands up to
Deer, rabbits, salt, deep shade, black walnut, foot traffic

Checked against NC State Extension. Flowering times are for zone 5: later in colder zones, earlier in warmer ones. Toxicity and spread information is a general gardening guide, not veterinary or medical advice, and invasive status varies by region. If a person or pet eats a plant, contact poison control or a vet. Check your local invasive species list before planting anything with a spread warning.