Mondo grass
Ophiopogon japonicus · Asparagaceae
A dense, dark green, grass-like evergreen that slowly knits into a smooth carpet. The small flowers and blue berries are hidden in the leaves.
- Size
- 8 in tall, 12 in wide
- Zones
- 6 to 10
- Light
- Part sun to shade
- Flowers
- Grown for its leaves; flowers mid July to early August
- Pets
- No toxicity recorded
- Job in a bed
- Carpet
A bed built around mondo grass
The planner designed this bed around mondo grass when this page was made: a 12 × 6 ft (3.7 × 1.8 m) cottage garden in zone 6, part shade. It chose the other plants from the 513 that suit those conditions, and says below why mondo grass stands where it does.
The plants
- 1 Mondo grass × 19, dark green leaves
- 2 Bleeding heart 'King of Hearts' × 7, pink
- 3 Cardinal flower 'Queen Victoria' × 5, red
- 4 Japanese anemone 'Honorine Jobert' × 3, white
- 5 White bleeding heart × 1, white
- 6 Northern sea oats 'River Mist' × 3, green
- 7 Fawn lily 'White Beauty' × 12, white
- 8 Grecian windflower × 12, blue
Why this plant
- The only plant grown for its leaves. Leaf lasts all season, where a flower lasts a few weeks.
Why here
- Under the taller plants. It runs back between them as living mulch: there its job is to cover the soil, not to be looked at.
- 19 plants in 5 groups (5, 5, 3, 3 and 3). Seen again further along, the same plant ties the bed together.
Why now
- Here for its leaves, all year. They cover the 12 weeks between early March and late November when nothing on the plan is in flower.
- The only leaves in winter. From November to March it is what there is to look at.
Planned as a cottage garden: 38 of the 38 plants (100%), bulbs aside, stand alone or in groups of no more than five, small enough for the kinds to mingle. Bleeding heart 'King of Hearts' flowers longest, for 18 weeks. Mondo grass repeats along the bed to tie it together.
The planner's own design check: 11 Excellent, 6 Good. It flags one thing to watch: Nothing on this plan is highly poisonous or an aggressive spreader.
Open this bed in the planner Change its size, the sun or the style, move plants about, or swap one for another.
Where mondo grass goes in a border
At 8 in it belongs at the front of a bed. In the planner's ten height classes it is low (6 to 12 in).
Its job: carpet. A groundcover planted in threes and fives to cover the soil: along the front, and just behind it.
Finer and lower than lilyturf, and never needs mowing. A sheet of it is the calmest possible ground for a shady garden, in the Japanese manner. It fills in slowly, so plant closely.
- A lawn substitute in shade
- Between stepping stones
- Edging in warm climates
What to plant with mondo grass
Plants recorded as good partners for it, and what each pairing does:
- Cast iron plant: bold leaves against its fine ones; tall enough (24 in) to stand behind it.
- Autumn fern: tall enough (22 in) to stand behind it.
- Hosta: bold leaves against its fine ones; a low mound at the foot of its spires; tall enough (18 in) to stand behind it.
Questions about mondo grass
Does mondo grass need sun or shade?
Mondo grass grows in part sun (4 to 6 hours of sun, including some afternoon sun), part shade (2 to 4 hours of sun, mostly in the morning) and shade (less than 2 hours of direct sun, or bright dappled light). It is one of the few that also put up with deep shade.
It wants ordinary well-drained soil, of average fertility, and a good soak in dry spells.
What zones does mondo grass grow in?
USDA zones 6 to 10. It is hardy to zone 6, which means it survives winter nights down to about 0 °F (−18 °C).
Gardening in Canada? Use the USDA zone for your town: Canada's own zone map uses different numbers.
How far apart should mondo grass be planted?
8 in (20 cm) apart, from the middle of one plant to the middle of the next. That is a little closer than its full width of 12 in (30 cm), so a group knits into one patch.
It grows 8 in (20 cm) tall. Give it the full distance from anything taller, or it will lean out towards the light.
How many mondo grass plants do I need?
At 8 in apart, set out in staggered rows:
- 27 to fill 10 square feet (about 1 m²)
- 16 for a single row 10 ft (3 m) long
- 86 to fill a 4 × 8 ft bed on its own
In a mixed border, plant it as threes and fives, along the front and just behind it.
In the bed above, the planner used 19 in five groups.
Is mondo grass poisonous to dogs and cats?
No toxicity is recorded for dogs, cats, horses or people, according to NC State Extension.
"Not toxic" is not "edible": a pet that eats a lot of any plant can be sick.
Is there a native plant like mondo grass?
Mondo grass comes from China, Korea, Japan. These North American natives come closest to doing its job:
- Wild ginger: the same job in a bed and the same size; bold leaves, not fine, not evergreen.
- Dwarf crested iris: the same job in a bed and the same size; flowers late April to mid May, medium leaves, not fine.
- Woodland stonecrop: the same job in a bed; 4 in shorter, flowers late April to late May.
Matched the way the planner's Swap button matches plants: the same job in a bed, then size, then flowering time.
Do deer eat mondo grass?
Mostly not. NC State lists it as resistant to deer and rabbits. No plant is proof against a hungry deer in a hard winter, but this one is low on the menu.
What does mondo grass look like in winter?
Mondo grass keeps its dark green leaves all winter, so it is one of the plants that hold a bed together from November to March, when the perennials have gone.
More Ophiopogon
- Black mondo grass Ophiopogon planiscapus 'Nigrescens'
In these guides
- Plants for deep shade
- Salt-tolerant plants for roadsides and coasts
- Plants that grow near black walnut
- Plants you can walk on
- Deer-resistant plants for shade
- Rabbit-resistant plants
- Pet-safe plants for shade
- Low plants for the front of a border
- Groundcover plants
- Evergreen perennials, ferns and grasses
- Plants with spires: vertical accents
Every fact on record
- Type
- Perennial
- Size
- 8 in (20 cm) tall, 12 in (30 cm) wide
- Plant
- 8 in (20 cm) apart
- Height class
- Low (6 to 12 in)
- Place in the bed
- Front
- Flowers
- Mid July to early August; upright spires; lavender
- Leaves
- Fine texture, evergreen; dark green
- Shape
- Arching, spreading
- Hardy in
- USDA zones 6 to 10
- Light
- Part sun, part shade, shade
- Soil
- Average, well-drained
- Water
- Moderate
- Feeding
- None needed
- Family
- Asparagaceae
- Comes from
- China, Korea, Japan
- Stands up to
- Deer, rabbits, salt, deep shade, black walnut, foot traffic
Checked against NC State Extension. Flowering times are for zone 5: later in colder zones, earlier in warmer ones. Toxicity and spread information is a general gardening guide, not veterinary or medical advice, and invasive status varies by region. If a person or pet eats a plant, contact poison control or a vet. Check your local invasive species list before planting anything with a spread warning.