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Japanese garden juniper

Juniperus procumbens 'Nana' · Cupressaceae

A dense, slowly spreading mat of short, blue-green needles that mounds up in layers and flows over rocks and walls. It is the juniper used for bonsai.

Size
12 in tall, 5 ft wide
Zones
4 to 9
Light
Full sun
Flowers
Grown for its leaves
Pets
No toxicity recorded
Job in a bed
Carpet

A bed built around Japanese garden juniper

The planner designed this bed around Japanese garden juniper when this page was made: a 16 × 8 ft (4.9 × 2.4 m) English border in zone 6, full sun. It chose the other plants from the 715 that suit those conditions and its dry soil, and says below why Japanese garden juniper stands where it does.

A 16 × 8 ft (4.9 × 2.4 m) bed at eye level in late June: Japanese garden juniper, Cheddar pinks 'Firewitch', Fernleaf yarrow 'Cloth of Gold', New England aster 'Alma Pötschke', Purple milkweed, October daphne, Lady tulip, Triteleia 'Queen Fabiola'.
A 16 × 8 ft (4.9 × 2.4 m) English border in zone 6, full sun, seen from the path in late June.
3. Fernleaf yarrow 'Cloth of Gold'33. Fernleaf yarrow 'Cloth of Gold'33. Fernleaf yarrow 'Cloth of Gold'33. Fernleaf yarrow 'Cloth of Gold'33. Fernleaf yarrow 'Cloth of Gold'34. New England aster 'Alma Pötschke'44. New England aster 'Alma Pötschke'44. New England aster 'Alma Pötschke'41. Japanese garden juniper16. October daphne66. October daphne66. October daphne62. Cheddar pinks 'Firewitch'22. Cheddar pinks 'Firewitch'22. Cheddar pinks 'Firewitch'26. October daphne66. October daphne66. October daphne66. October daphne66. October daphne62. Cheddar pinks 'Firewitch'22. Cheddar pinks 'Firewitch'22. Cheddar pinks 'Firewitch'24. New England aster 'Alma Pötschke'43. Fernleaf yarrow 'Cloth of Gold'33. Fernleaf yarrow 'Cloth of Gold'33. Fernleaf yarrow 'Cloth of Gold'36. October daphne66. October daphne66. October daphne65. Purple milkweed55. Purple milkweed55. Purple milkweed55. Purple milkweed55. Purple milkweed55. Purple milkweed55. Purple milkweed55. Purple milkweed52. Cheddar pinks 'Firewitch'22. Cheddar pinks 'Firewitch'22. Cheddar pinks 'Firewitch'22. Cheddar pinks 'Firewitch'22. Cheddar pinks 'Firewitch'22. Cheddar pinks 'Firewitch'22. Cheddar pinks 'Firewitch'22. Cheddar pinks 'Firewitch'22. Cheddar pinks 'Firewitch'22. Cheddar pinks 'Firewitch'22. Cheddar pinks 'Firewitch'22. Cheddar pinks 'Firewitch'22. Cheddar pinks 'Firewitch'28. Triteleia 'Queen Fabiola'8. Triteleia 'Queen Fabiola'8. Triteleia 'Queen Fabiola'8. Triteleia 'Queen Fabiola'8. Triteleia 'Queen Fabiola'8. Triteleia 'Queen Fabiola'8. Triteleia 'Queen Fabiola'8. Triteleia 'Queen Fabiola'8. Triteleia 'Queen Fabiola'8. Triteleia 'Queen Fabiola'8. Triteleia 'Queen Fabiola'8. Triteleia 'Queen Fabiola'7. Lady tulip7. Lady tulip7. Lady tulip7. Lady tulip7. Lady tulip7. Lady tulip7. Lady tulip7. Lady tulip7. Lady tulip7. Lady tulip7. Lady tulip7. Lady tulip
From above, to scale. Each circle is one plant, as wide as the room it needs.

The plants

  1. 2 Cheddar pinks 'Firewitch' × 19, pink
  2. 3 Fernleaf yarrow 'Cloth of Gold' × 8, yellow
  3. 4 New England aster 'Alma Pötschke' × 4, pink
  4. 5 Purple milkweed × 8, purple
  5. 6 October daphne × 11, pink
  6. 7 Lady tulip × 12, red
  7. 8 Triteleia 'Queen Fabiola' × 12, blue

Why this plant

  • The only plant grown for its leaves. Leaf lasts all season, where a flower lasts a few weeks.
  • The bed's only structure. Shrubs and grasses keep their shape when the perennials die down, and it is the only one here.

Why here

  • On the front edge. At 12 in it frames the bed without hiding it, and it is in leaf all season. It finishes 20% of the edge.
  • One plant, alone. A shrub is seen as an object, and needs clear ground around it.
  • Fine leaf against bold. Purple milkweed is beside it: the strongest contrast of leaf there is.

Why now

  • Here for its leaves, all year. They cover the 12 weeks between early March and late November when nothing on the plan is in flower.
  • One of two evergreens. They are what the bed has to show from November to March.

Planned as an English border: 11 of the 11 groups (100%) are drifts, longer along the bed than they are deep. Neither end outweighs the other: the visual weight is split 48 to 52, left to right. Pink runs through the planting: 3 of the 7 kinds grown for their flowers have it.

The planner's own design check: 13 Excellent, 4 Good. It flags one thing to watch: Nothing on this plan is highly poisonous or an aggressive spreader.

Open this bed in the planner Change its size, the sun or the style, move plants about, or swap one for another.

Where Japanese garden juniper goes in a border

At 12 in it belongs at the front of a bed. In the planner's ten height classes it is low (6 to 12 in).

Its job: carpet. A groundcover planted in threes and fives to cover the soil: along the front, and just behind it.

The most refined of the carpeting junipers, with a sculpted, layered look. One plant beside a rock makes a composition.

  • Japanese-style and rock gardens
  • Trailing over a wall
  • Evergreen groundcover on a small scale

What to plant with Japanese garden juniper

Plants recorded as good partners for it, and what each pairing does:

Questions about Japanese garden juniper

Does Japanese garden juniper need sun or shade?

Japanese garden juniper grows in full sun (6 or more hours of direct sun a day).

It wants dry, sharply drained soil, of average fertility, and little watering once settled. Once settled in, it stands drought.

What zones does Japanese garden juniper grow in?

USDA zones 4 to 9. It is hardy to zone 4, which means it survives winter nights down to about −20 °F (−29 °C).

Gardening in Canada? Use the USDA zone for your town: Canada's own zone map uses different numbers.

How far apart should Japanese garden juniper be planted?

3½ ft (100 cm) apart, from the middle of one plant to the middle of the next. That is a little closer than its full width of 5 ft (150 cm), so a group knits into one patch.

It grows 12 in (30 cm) tall. Give it the full distance from anything taller, or it will lean out towards the light.

How many Japanese garden juniper plants do I need?

At 3½ ft apart, set out in staggered rows:

  • 1 to fill 10 square feet (about 1 m²)
  • 4 for a single row 10 ft (3 m) long
  • 3 to fill a 4 × 8 ft bed on its own

In a mixed border, plant it as threes and fives, along the front and just behind it.

In the bed above, the planner used one in one group.

Is Japanese garden juniper poisonous to dogs and cats?

No toxicity is recorded for dogs, cats, horses or people, according to NC State Extension.

"Not toxic" is not "edible": a pet that eats a lot of any plant can be sick.

Is there a native plant like Japanese garden juniper?

Japanese garden juniper comes from Western and southern Korea, southern Japan to Nansei-shoto. These North American natives come closest to doing its job:

Matched the way the planner's Swap button matches plants: the same job in a bed, then size, then flowering time.

Do deer eat Japanese garden juniper?

Mostly not. NC State lists it as resistant to deer. No plant is proof against a hungry deer in a hard winter, but this one is low on the menu.

What does Japanese garden juniper look like in winter?

Japanese garden juniper keeps its blue-green leaves all winter, so it is one of the plants that hold a bed together from November to March, when the perennials have gone.

More Juniperus

In these guides

Zone guides: Zone 4 · Zone 5 · Zone 6 · Zone 7 · Zone 8 · Zone 9

Every fact on record

Type
Shrub (groundcover)
Size
12 in (30 cm) tall, 5 ft (150 cm) wide
Plant
3½ ft (100 cm) apart
Height class
Low (6 to 12 in)
Place in the bed
Front
Flowers
None: grown for its foliage
Leaves
Fine texture, evergreen; blue-green
Shape
Mat-forming, spreading
Hardy in
USDA zones 4 to 9
Light
Full sun
Soil
Average, dry and sharply drained
Water
Low
Feeding
None needed
Family
Cupressaceae
Comes from
Western and southern Korea, southern Japan to Nansei-shoto
Stands up to
Deer, drought, salt, poor soil, erosion

Checked against NC State Extension. Flowering times are for zone 5: later in colder zones, earlier in warmer ones. Toxicity and spread information is a general gardening guide, not veterinary or medical advice, and invasive status varies by region. If a person or pet eats a plant, contact poison control or a vet. Check your local invasive species list before planting anything with a spread warning.